A few possibilities are suggested. Song and dance are an integral part of Indian dramatic tradition — in Sanskrit, drama and dance are the same word. The first Indian sound film, "Alam Ara," boasted 20 songs, and when it became a hit other producers (all other producers) made musicals too. "Into the new medium came a river of music," write Erik Barnouw and S. Krishnaswamy in "Indian Film," their seminal history book, "that had flowed through unbroken millennia of dramatic tradition."
Indian talkies started as musicals and stayed that way. The first songless film, J.B.H. Wadia's "Naujawan," was released in 1937, after some 500 sound films in Hindi and another couple hundred in Tamil, Bengali, Telugu and Marathi. Soon producers discovered another reason to keep singing: the numbers from a movie, and later the soundtrack album, would be released weeks or months in advance, become hits and help sell the movie, as well as contributing crucially to the film's profitability. Today, the river of music is a major revenue stream
Still... big production numbers in every thriller, every romantic melodrama, every socially uplifting tale of the downtrodden? I here except art films, from "Pather Panchali" to "Bandit Queen." Indeed, the major difference in India between popular and "artistic" movies is that one sings, the other doesn't.
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